Hernia surgery is a common procedure, yet it can be a source of anxiety for many. Knowing the process can help alleviate fears and set realistic expectations.

What Is Hernia Surgery?

Hernia surgery is a medical procedure performed to repair a hernia. A hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in a surrounding muscle or connective tissue.

The surgery involves returning the displaced tissues to their proper place. If left untreated, a hernia can lead to pain and serious complications. Surgery is often recommended to prevent these potential issues.

Hernias Symptoms and Diagnosis

Hernias can be tricky to diagnose as they don’t always present obvious symptoms. In some cases, a noticeable bulge may be the first sign of a hernia. This bulge often becomes more apparent when standing, bending down or coughing.

Other common symptoms include discomfort or pain in the area, especially when lifting heavy objects. Some people may also experience a feeling of fullness or heaviness in the abdomen.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional. They may ask you to stand, bend down or cough while they feel for a bulge.

In some cases, imaging tests such as ultrasounds, CT scans or MRIs may be used to confirm the diagnosis. These tests provide detailed images of your internal structures, helping to identify any hernias.

What does a hernia feel like?

The sensation of a hernia can vary depending on its size and location. Some people may feel a sharp pain, while others experience a dull ache or a sensation of pressure.

In many cases, the discomfort or pain may worsen when you exert yourself. For instance, lifting heavy objects or bending over can intensify the symptoms.

Types of Hernias

There are several types of hernias, each with its unique characteristics. The most common types include inguinal, femoral, umbilical and hiatal hernias.

Inguinal hernias occur when part of the intestine or fat pushes through a weak spot in the lower abdominal wall. According to Mayo Clinic, men are eight times more likely to develop an inguinal hernia than women.

Femoral hernias are less common and occur when a part of the intestine or fat protrudes into the canal carrying the femoral artery. According to the UCSF Department of Surgery, these are 10 times as frequent in women than in men because of the wider bone structure of the female pelvis.

Umbilical hernias happen when part of the intestine or fat pushes through the abdominal wall near the navel. 

Hiatal hernias occur when the upper part of the stomach bulges through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. According to the National Library of Medicine, about 55%-60% of people over the age of 50 have a hiatal hernia.

Preparing for Hernia Surgery

Before hernia surgery, your doctor will provide specific instructions to ensure a successful procedure. This often includes fasting for a certain period before the surgery.

You may also need to stop taking certain medications, especially those that can increase the risk of bleeding. It’s crucial to discuss all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, with your doctor.

Here are some general steps to prepare for hernia surgery:

  • Follow your doctor’s instructions about fasting and medication use.
  • Arrange for someone to drive you home after the surgery.
  • Prepare your home for your recovery period, such as setting up a comfortable resting area.
  • Discuss any concerns or questions with your doctor.

The Hernia Surgery Procedure

Hernia surgery aims to repair the weakened tissue that caused the hernia. The procedure typically involves pushing the protruding tissue back into place and reinforcing the area with stitches or a mesh.

The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia, but local or spinal anesthesia may be used in some cases. The choice of anesthesia depends on the type of hernia, the patient’s overall health and the surgeon’s preference.

The procedure duration varies, but it generally takes one to two hours. After the surgery, patients are moved to a recovery room for close monitoring as the anesthesia wears off.

Open surgery vs. laparoscopic surgery

There are two main types of hernia surgery: open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Open surgery involves a single large incision, while laparoscopic surgery uses several small incisions and a camera to guide the procedure.

Open surgery may require a longer recovery period, but it can be a better option for large or complex hernias. On the other hand, laparoscopic surgery often results in less postoperative pain and a quicker return to normal activities.

Your surgeon will recommend the best approach for you based on your specific situation, including the type and size of your hernia, your overall health and your personal preferences.

Recovery from Hernia Surgery

Recovery from hernia surgery varies from person to person. It largely depends on the type of hernia, the surgical approach used and the patient’s overall health.

Immediately after surgery, patients may experience discomfort and fatigue. Pain medication is typically prescribed to manage these symptoms. It’s also common to have dietary restrictions for a few days post-surgery.

Here are some general guidelines for recovery:

  • Rest and avoid strenuous activities for the first few days.
  • Gradually increase physical activity as tolerated.
  • Follow your surgeon’s instructions regarding wound care and bathing.
  • Attend all follow-up appointments and report any concerns to your healthcare provider.

How long to recovery from hernia surgery?

The recovery timeline for hernia surgery can vary. For minor hernias repaired with laparoscopic surgery, patients may return to light activities within a week.

However, for more complex hernias or open surgeries, full recovery may take several weeks. Your surgeon will provide a more personalized recovery timeline based on your specific circumstances.

Risks and Complications of Hernia Surgery

Like any surgical procedure, hernia surgery carries some risks. These include infection, bleeding and adverse reactions to anesthesia.

Potential complications specific to hernia surgery include:

  • Recurrence of the hernia
  • Chronic pain
  • Damage to nearby organs
  • Mesh complications (if mesh is used in the repair)

It’s important to discuss these risks with your surgeon prior to surgery. Understanding the potential complications can help you make an informed decision about your treatment. It’s also crucial to follow all postoperative care instructions to minimize these risks.

Life After Hernia Surgery: Long-Term Care and Prevention

After hernia surgery, long-term care is crucial for a full recovery and to prevent recurrence. This involves adhering to a healthy lifestyle and following your surgeon’s instructions.

Key aspects of long-term care and prevention include:

  • Regular physical activity: Exercise strengthens the abdominal muscles and helps prevent hernias.
  • Healthy diet: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces pressure on the abdominal wall.
  • Avoiding heavy lifting: This can strain the abdomen and potentially cause a hernia to recur.

Each patient’s recovery journey is unique. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any significant changes to your lifestyle post-surgery.

Discover Your Path to Recovery

Hernia surgery is a common procedure that can significantly improve a patient’s quality of life. Recognizing the types, procedure and recovery process can help set realistic expectations and promote a smoother recovery journey.

Your healthcare provider is your best source of information. Don’t hesitate to ask questions and seek advice tailored to your specific situation.

St. Mary’s Physician Associates, located in Enid, Oklahoma, is here for you and your loved ones. We are dedicated to caring for patients at every stage of life. St. Mary’s Physician Associates is composed of both primary care physicians and a variety of specialists. To learn more about hernias, visit our General Surgery page.