Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heart condition that often goes unnoticed. It’s a common cause of sudden cardiac arrest, especially in young athletes.

Yet, many people with HCM experience no symptoms at all. This makes understanding the condition crucial for early detection and treatment.

What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick. This thickening can make it harder for the heart to pump blood.

The condition can affect any part of the heart, but it most commonly affects the septum. The septum is the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart.

When the septum thickens, it can obstruct blood flow out of the heart. This obstruction can lead to a variety of symptoms. However, it’s important to note that:

  • Some people with HCM may have no symptoms at all.
  • HCM is different from other forms of cardiomyopathy, such as dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy.
  • HCM is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management.

The genetic connection

HCM is often inherited, meaning it’s passed down from parents to their children through genes.

According to the American Heart Association, if one parent has HCM, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition. This genetic link underscores the importance of family screening and genetic counseling in managing HCM.

Symptoms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

The symptoms of HCM can vary widely among people. Some people may have no symptoms at all, while others may experience severe symptoms. Common symptoms of HCM include:

  • Chest pain, especially during physical activity
  • Shortness of breath, particularly during exercise
  • Palpitations, which are sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat
  • Fainting, especially during or after physical activity
  • Fatigue, which may be due to the heart’s reduced ability to pump blood

It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by conditions other than HCM. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis.

In some cases, HCM can cause sudden cardiac arrest, especially in young athletes. This highlights the importance of regular cardiac screening for athletes and people with a family history of HCM.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis

Diagnosing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) involves a series of tests and procedures. The process begins with a thorough physical examination and a review of the patient’s medical history.

The doctor will listen to the heart to detect any abnormal sounds or rhythms. They may also ask about any symptoms the patient is experiencing, as well as their family history of heart disease.

Diagnostic tests for HCM typically include:

  • Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart’s structure and function.
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test records the electrical activity of the heart.
  • Cardiac MRI: This imaging test provides detailed pictures of the heart, including the thickness of the heart muscle and any potential scarring.
  • Genetic testing: This can identify gene mutations associated with HCM, which can be useful for family screening.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

An echocardiogram is often the first test performed when HCM is suspected. It can reveal the thickening of the heart muscle, a characteristic sign of HCM.

An ECG can detect abnormal rhythms, which are common in HCM. It can also show if the heart’s electrical activity is disrupted due to thickening of the heart muscle.

Cardiac MRI provides more detailed images than an echocardiogram. It can help doctors assess the extent of muscle thickening and identify any scarring in the heart muscle. Genetic testing can identify gene mutations associated with HCM, which can be useful for family screening.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Treatment

Treatment for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is tailored to each person’s needs. The goal is to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Medications, lifestyle changes and surgical procedures are all part of the treatment plan. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the patient’s overall health.

Regular follow-up and monitoring are crucial. This allows doctors to adjust treatment as needed and to detect any changes in the condition early.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy medications

Medications are often the first line of treatment for HCM. They help manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Commonly prescribed medications include beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers. These drugs help relax the heart muscle and slow the heart rate, improving blood flow.

Surgical and non-surgical procedures

In some cases, medications and lifestyle changes may not be enough to manage HCM. Surgical and non-surgical procedures may be necessary. These include:

  • Septal myectomy: A surgical procedure to remove part of the thickened heart muscle.
  • Alcohol septal ablation: A non-surgical procedure that uses alcohol to thin the thickened heart muscle.
  • Implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD): This device can detect and correct abnormal heart rhythms, preventing sudden cardiac death.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Self-Care and Lifestyle Changes

Self-care and lifestyle changes play a crucial role in managing HCM. These changes can help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

Key lifestyle changes include:

  • Avoiding competitive sports and strenuous activities.
  • Staying hydrated and avoiding excessive alcohol intake.
  • Following a heart-healthy diet.
  • Regularly monitoring blood pressure.
  • Managing stress and practicing relaxation techniques.

Managing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Long-Term Perspective

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management. Regular follow-ups, medication adjustments and lifestyle modifications are essential.

St. Mary’s Physician Associates, located in Enid, Oklahoma, is here for you and your loved ones. We are dedicated to caring for patients at every stage of life. St. Mary’s Physician Associates is composed of both primary care physicians and a variety of specialists. To learn more about hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other cardiology conditions, visit our Cardiology page.